The decree also introduced the maxim that subjects had to prove their innocence, which was later extended by the Law of 22 Prairial (10 June 1794). Implementation of the law and arrests were entrusted to oversight committees, and not to the legal authorities. The following year, the decree was expanded and became more strict. The law ordered the arrest of all avowed enemies and suspected enemies of the Revolution, and specifically aimed at unsubmissive former nobles, émigrés, officials removed or suspended from office, officers suspected of treason, and hoarders of goods. Some historians consider this decree the start of the Reign of Terror they argue that the decree marked a significant weakening of individual freedoms that led to "revolutionary paranoia" that swept the nation. The Law of Suspects ( French: Loi des suspects) was a decree passed by the French National Convention on 17 September 1793, during the French Revolution. 1793 French decree beginning the Reign of Terror Note: This decree should not be confused with the Law of General Security ( French: Loi de sûreté générale), also known as the "Law of Suspects," adopted by Napoleon III in 1858 that allowed punishment for any prison action, and permitted the arrest and deportation, without judgment, of anyone convicted of political offenses after 1848.
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While the sailors remained faithful to the cause of the Union, no less than 259 naval officers resigned or were dismissed, a staggering 43% of the Navy’s officer corps. Finally, there were three side-wheel steamers including the Michigan, Saginaw, and Water-Witch.Īt the outbreak of hostilities, the US Navy numbered just 7,600 men of all ranks. Four were first-class side-wheel sloops, including the Mississippi, Powhattan, Saranac, and Susquehanna. Two were third-class sloops, including the Narragansett and Seminole. Five were second-class sloops, including the Dakota, Iroquois, Mohican, Pawnee, and Wyoming. Six were first-class sloops (later known as corvettes), including the Brooklyn, Hartford, Lancaster, Pensacola, and Richmond. Six were frigates, including the Colorado, Niagara, Merrimac, Wabash, Minnesota, and Roanoke. Although commercial vessels had been powered by steam for more than four decades, only twenty-six of the American naval vessels were steam-powered. Printed version also contains fewer illustrations.At the outbreak of hostilities in the Civil War, the US Navy consisted of approximately 90 ships, of which fewer than half were combat-capable. Web version differs in content from printed version. Published by the National Archives Trust Fund Board, 1974. Please note: Based on leaflet Pictures of United States Navy ships, 1775-1941. Monadnock (BM3), starboard side, in Chinese waters. General Grant, Starboard side, on Tennessee River. Starboard bow, turret removed, on James River. Saint Louis (renamed the Baron de KaIb in 1863), 1861. Commodore Barney, starboard stern quarter, on James River. |
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